Jaw Pain (TMJ Disorders)

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders affect the joints and muscles controlling jaw movement. 

These conditions can cause significant jaw pain and discomfort, impacting daily activities like eating and speaking.

Symptoms of TMJ Disorders

• Jaw pain or tenderness
• Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw
• Difficulty chewing or a locking jaw
• Earaches or headaches
• Swelling on the side of the face

Causes of TMJ Disorders

Here are some common contributors to TMJ problems:

• Jaw Injury: A blow to the face, whiplash, or even dental procedures can injure the jaw joint or surrounding muscles, leading to TMJ dysfunction.
• Teeth Grinding or Clenching (Bruxism): Habitually grinding or clenching teeth puts excessive stress on the TMJ joint and can contribute to pain and inflammation.
• Arthritis: Degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ joint, causing pain and stiffness.
• Everyday Wear and Tear: Just like any other joint, the TMJ can wear down over time, leading to discomfort.
• Stress: Stress can manifest in physical ways, including tensing facial and jaw muscles, which can contribute to TMJ issues.
• Malocclusion (Misaligned Bite): While not a confirmed cause, some people with TMJ have misaligned bites. However, research suggests this isn’t a direct link.

Treatment Options for TMJ Disorders

• Self-care: Practice relaxation techniques, eat softer foods, and avoid chewing gum to reduce jaw strain.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort.
• Mouthguards: Splints or nightguards worn during sleep prevent teeth grinding and stabilize the jaw.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises and techniques can improve jaw mobility, strengthen muscles, and reduce pain.
• Medications: Muscle relaxants or anti-anxiety meds might be prescribed in some cases.
• Injections: Corticosteroid injections can target inflammation in the joint for pain relief.
• Surgery: In rare cases, surgery might be considered for severe TMJ issues that don’t respond to other treatments.

Preventing TMJ Disorders

• Practice good posture to avoid unnecessary strain on your jaw.
• Avoid excessive chewing of gum or eating hard foods that can stress the jaw.
• Healthy Habits
• Regular dental check-ups to monitor and maintain jaw health.
• Exercises to strengthen and relax the jaw muscles.

References

1. South African Dental Association
2. University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences